Analogy
Analogy
literally means a comparison of one thing with another thing that has
similar features. In this questions , the student is given pairs of
words which share some relation or the other. Along with a question pair
of words, there are pairs of words as options. The student is required
to identify the relationship of the words given in the question pair.
Keeping this relation in mind, the student should find out the pair of
words from the given options that bears the same or similar relation
between them. However, the given options might be confusing. It is
likely that the student finds more than one option as the probable
answer on reading them for the first time. Nonetheless, after a logical
careful reading the difference in the relation between the words in the
different options becomes clear.
Types of relationship that may exist between pair of words:1. Synonym/Antonym:
In this type of analogy, the two words of a given pair will be either synonyms or antonyms.
2. Part/Whole:
In these analogies, one word of a pair will be a part of the other word of the pair.
e.g Musician:Orchestra: :Player:Team
Musician is a part of Orchestra as Player is a part of a team.
3. Member/Class:
The bridge here is “X is a type of/kind of Y”
e.g Apple:Fruit::Trowel:Tool
An apple is a kind of fruit as trowel is a kind of tool.
4. Effect/Cause:
In this type,One word in the pair is the cause, and the other is the effect. That means that one word is a result, action or an incidence that the other word creates.
e.g Earthquake:Tsunami: :Negligence:Accident
The bridge here is “X causes Y” or “X is the result of Y.”
5. Varying degrees of a quantity or quality
The one word of a given pair may be better/worse/stronger/weaker form of the other pair of a given word.
6. Definition/Evidence:
The bridge in this type of analogy is “X is a defining characteristic of Y.”
CACHE:HIDE
7. Purpose/Function:
One word of the pair defines the function of the other word of a pair.
How do you solve an analogy?
STEP 1: Identify the relationship between the given pair of words.
STEP II: The sentence forming the relationship should be neither too general nor too vague. Look for a deeper relationship if the relationship formed does not fit into any of the given choices or fits into more than one choice.
STEP III: Check for the parts of speech of the given words. It may help you in arriving at the right answer for e.g if the given pair is noun:verb the answer will also be noun:verb pair. The part of speech of both the given pair and the answer will always be the same.
STEP V: The order of the pair of words is important. The answer choices should form the same relationship as that of given pair in the same order. Their order can’t be changed.
Few sample questions from Dhaka University Evening MBA test are given below:
(*Bold option is the correct answer)Types of relationship that may exist between pair of words:1. Synonym/Antonym:
In this type of analogy, the two words of a given pair will be either synonyms or antonyms.
EXEMPLARY:IR-REPREHENSIBLE
A) outstanding:reproachable
B) hackneyed:uncommon
C) charlatan:genuine
D) castigate:laud
E) obsequious:subservient
Both
exemplary and Ir-reprehensible (meaning blameless) are synonyms. The
words obsequious and subservient (meaning servile) are also synonyms.
The remaining answer choices form an antonym pair. Hence answer is E.A) outstanding:reproachable
B) hackneyed:uncommon
C) charlatan:genuine
D) castigate:laud
E) obsequious:subservient
2. Part/Whole:
In these analogies, one word of a pair will be a part of the other word of the pair.
e.g Musician:Orchestra: :Player:Team
Musician is a part of Orchestra as Player is a part of a team.
3. Member/Class:
The bridge here is “X is a type of/kind of Y”
e.g Apple:Fruit::Trowel:Tool
An apple is a kind of fruit as trowel is a kind of tool.
4. Effect/Cause:
In this type,One word in the pair is the cause, and the other is the effect. That means that one word is a result, action or an incidence that the other word creates.
e.g Earthquake:Tsunami: :Negligence:Accident
The bridge here is “X causes Y” or “X is the result of Y.”
5. Varying degrees of a quantity or quality
The one word of a given pair may be better/worse/stronger/weaker form of the other pair of a given word.
NOISE:DIN
A) utterance:voice
B) celebration:revelry
C) motion:traction
D) sanity:treatment
E) remonstrance:sin
This
analogy is based on degree. Din is a great noise and revelry is great
celebration. Utterance is just a kind of noise. The other choices does
not fit in.Hence the answer is B.A) utterance:voice
B) celebration:revelry
C) motion:traction
D) sanity:treatment
E) remonstrance:sin
6. Definition/Evidence:
The bridge in this type of analogy is “X is a defining characteristic of Y.”
CACHE:HIDE
A) forgiveness:punish
B) stockpile:accumulate
C) testimony:falsify
D) treasure:money
E) intimation:fear
Here
Cache can be either a verb or a noun.Since the first word of the
options is noun so cache is used here as noun. Cache as a noun means a
hidden place that is used to store something. So we can say that hide is
a defining characteristic of Cache. Similarly to accumulate is a
defining characteristic of stockpile.B) stockpile:accumulate
C) testimony:falsify
D) treasure:money
E) intimation:fear
7. Purpose/Function:
One word of the pair defines the function of the other word of a pair.
SCYTHE:REAPING
A) shears:cutting
B) crops:planting
C) lights:reading
D) screws:turning
E) saws:gluing
A scythe is a tool used for reaping. Similarly, shears are used for cutting.A) shears:cutting
B) crops:planting
C) lights:reading
D) screws:turning
E) saws:gluing
How do you solve an analogy?
STEP 1: Identify the relationship between the given pair of words.
STEP II: The sentence forming the relationship should be neither too general nor too vague. Look for a deeper relationship if the relationship formed does not fit into any of the given choices or fits into more than one choice.
BAT: CRICKET
A) board:chess
B) ball:soccer
C) team:basketball
D) racket:badminton
E) racket:tennis
The
bat is used to play cricket.If we use this bridge, it eliminates only
the choice C. Let’s look for a more subtle relationship between the
given pair of words. The bridge is: A bat is used to strike a ball in
cricket. Also a racket is used to strike a ball in tennis. So E is the
correct choice.A) board:chess
B) ball:soccer
C) team:basketball
D) racket:badminton
E) racket:tennis
STEP III: Check for the parts of speech of the given words. It may help you in arriving at the right answer for e.g if the given pair is noun:verb the answer will also be noun:verb pair. The part of speech of both the given pair and the answer will always be the same.
STEP V: The order of the pair of words is important. The answer choices should form the same relationship as that of given pair in the same order. Their order can’t be changed.
Few sample questions from Dhaka University Evening MBA test are given below:
A. Opera:Arias B. Games:Athletes C. Poem:Rhymes
D. Novel:Chapters E. Essay : Topics
2. Words:Writer
A. Batter: Baker B. Chalk: Teacher C. Laws: Policeman
D. Mortar: Bricklayer E. Honor: Thieves
3. Heart: Human
A. Tail:Dog B. Hand:Child C. Kitchen: House D. Brick:Wall E. Engine:Car
4. Liability : Immunity
A. Debit:Credit B. Pardon:Amnesty C. Real Estate:Property
D. Fidelity:Honesty E. Equinox:Winter
5. Spool: Thread
A. Bale:Hay B. Peck:Potatoes C. Verse:Song D. Coil:Rope E. Reel:Line
6. Judge:Courthouse
A. Carpenter: Benc B. Lawyer: Brief C. Architect: Blueprint
D. Physician: Infirmary E. Landlord: Studio
7. Hand : Neil
A. Foot: Toe B. Head:Hair C. Paw:Claw D. Ear:Nose E. Jaw:Tooth
8. Faith : Atheistic
A. Honesty: Ethical B. Difficulty: Slothful (Aalos) C. Apparel : Nude
D. Gymnast: Agile (Namonio) E. Tenet : Believing
10. Precarious: Vulnerable
A. Certain:Secure B. Impede: Progress C. Hazardous: Uncertain
D. Assertive: Dislike E. Accustomed: Unsual
11. Patron : Support
A. Spouse: Divorce B. Restaurant : Management C. Councilor : Advice
D. Host : Hostility E. Artist : Imitation
12. Emulate (anukaron kara) : Model
A. Copy : Imitate B. Genuine: Real C. Transparent D. Obvious : Visible
13. Revulsion (biroktikar) : Dislike
A. Pleasure: Delight B. Abomination (prochondo ghrena): Aversion (oneha)
C. Approval: Confirmation D. Magnanimity : Generosity
E. Management : Confusion
14. Car : Fuel
A. Camera: Film B. Computer : Typewriter C. Sugar :Molasses
D. Fountain Pen: Ball-oint Pen E. Eraser: Duster
15. Interminable (akkhay) : Perpetual
A. Endless : Unlimited B. Preparation : Neglect C. Domestic : External
D. Distance: Friendly E. Conditional : Fixed
16. Giant : Small
A. Hard : Difficult B. good: Fair C. Plain : Simple D. Loud : Quite
E. Bread : Butter
17. Embezzle : Fund
A. Wield : Influence B. Exploit : Victim C. Usurp : Power
D. Overcome : Combatant E. Impede: Obstacle
Usurp = annayvabe khamota dakhol kara
18. Attachment : Fidelity
A. Attraction : Devotion B. Detach : Understand C. Investigate : Authority
D. Economical : Examination E. Analysis : Optimistic
19. Rebellious ( Bidrohi): Insubordinate (abadho)
A. Dutiful: Obedient B. Revolutionary : Submissive C. Mutinous : Rationality
D. Judgement : Dabate E. Intractable : Seditious
20. Smoke: Pollution
A. War: Death B. Water:River C. Iron: Strength D. Vaccination: Immunity
E. Degeneration (adhopaton): Decay (Khay)
21. Delirium : Disorientation
A. Paralysis: Immobility B. Anorexia : Pain C. Insomnia: Fretfulness
D. Rash: Vaccination E. Malaria: Relapse
23. Biography : Autobiography
A. Dead: Living B. Memories : History C. Mobile : Automobile
D. Author : Performer E. Testimony : Confession
24 Ocean : Bay
A. Archipelago: Atoll B. Island: Inlet C. Headland : Promontory
D. Continent: Peninsula E. Comet: Galaxy
25. Unemployed : Worker
A. Unknown: Artist B. Fallow (Patito jami): Field C. Renovated : House
D. Observant: Spectator E. Unconscious : Sleeper
26. Bouquet: Flowers
A. Forest : Tress B. Husk: Corn C. Mist :Rain D. Woodpile : Logs
E. Drift : Snow
27. Nicotine: Tobacco
A. Calcium: Bone B. Iodine: Salt C. Protein: Meat D. Pulp : Fruit
E. Caffeine : Coffee
28. Insipid Invention
A. Ironic: Gravity B. Foppish: Affection C. Realistic : Originality
D. Generic : Artistry E. Prosaic : Imagination
29. Grain: Silo
A. Seed:Plant B. Druggist: Doctor C. Furlong : Mile D. Water : Bucket
E. Tree : Fruit
30. Play : Acts
A. Essay : Topics B. Game: Athletes C. Novel : Chapter
D. Poem : Rhymes E. Drama : Actors
31. Caution : Accident
A. Radar: Collision B. Police: Criminal C. Worry: Disaster
D. Sanitation: Health E. Carelessness: Plan
32. ANARCHY : GOVERNMENT
A. Confederation : State
B. Trepidation : Courage
C. Serenity : Equipment
D. Surfeit : Food
E. Computer : Hard Drive
B. Trepidation : Courage
C. Serenity : Equipment
D. Surfeit : Food
E. Computer : Hard Drive
33. STANZA : POEM
A. Flag : Anthem
B. Storey : Building
C. Mural : Painting
D. Refund : Deposit
E. Weigh : Value
34. LITTLE : BIGB. Storey : Building
C. Mural : Painting
D. Refund : Deposit
E. Weigh : Value
A. Easy : Simple
B. Quiet : Loud
C. Good : Better
D. Huge : Tiny
E. Plain : Ugly
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